PE 

us i 




Glass. 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



c^ 



PENOGRAFY, 



iiWplifi&i} $0140^0-140, 



— BEING — 



A SHORT, RAPID, AND PRACTICAL 
PENMANSHIP, 



SPECIALLY DESIGNED 



FOR LITERARY AND BUSINES PURPOSES, 



— CONNECTED 



AVITH A SJMPL DEVICE OF SHORTHAND AND REFORMD SPELING. 



/ 



By JOHN M. KLUE. 



Simplex munditiis. 



o Sf p I- 'd ' 



CHICAGO, ILL. 

Publisht by the Author, 1415 Wabash Avenue, 
1886. 



tf\& 



CoPifRIGH* 

By JOHN M, KLUE 
A. D. 1885. 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 



PART I. 
WEITING. 

The genius of man seems to hav ever been hesitating in 
the adoption of improvements and more specialy so in writing, 
as proved by the endles repetition of the same forms, only slitely 
modified by ages 'wich hav taken the place of much needed re- 
formation. The system of penmanship taut in our time is very 
copius and awkward, and consumes in execution a considerabl 
amount of time and labor. Its chief defect exists in the abun- 
dance of superfluus marks, and the formation of one of its sim- 
plest letters, as e, reqires at least three inflections of the pen; 
to properly execute most of the uthers, five or more curvatures 
ar necessary. 

The art of a simple and practical penmanship for the 
comunity has certainly been disregarded by the majority of 
professional writing masters of the age, and sum of them ar 
endevoring to surpass each uther with complicated systems. 

Quitilian, 'wen blaming scolars for neglect in the art of 
rapid writing, sot to instil into them the combination of the two 
greatest qalities of writing, "Cura bene et velocite?' scribenti." 



SMALL LETTERS. 



In writing both the literary and comercial men seeks to 
produce in a small space of time a great amount of work, it is 
therefore self evident that that method of writing 'wich 
aproaches the nearest to this aim must be to them the most 
valuabl. 

We hav, in order to simplify complicated letters, dropt parts 
of them 'wich we considered unnecessary, for true simplification 
in writing is produced by economizing the number of strokes 
as well as letters. 

The letter m is composed of three parts, the first and se- 
cond being entirely alike, the third part is different and sufici- 
ently distinct to suply the service of the uther marks, 'wich 



4 PENOQBAFY. 

we therefore drop, and use the last part only for WL 1 

saving thereby four penstroks 'wenever m ocurs. 

The reverst order is to be observd with n using the first part 

y for the letter and dispensing with the last. 

We hav devised a new caracter for a, 'wich is derived 
>^, from its printed type. It wil be seen by omiting the hook 
** on the loer part of the printed a, our caracter apears dis- 
tinctly. 

This caracter we use for d\ on t we propose no altera- 
tions. The distinction between the writn d and t is that d 



J 



is angular both top and base; t is angular on the top 

and curved at the bottom, besides being crost one the distance 
from the top. 

Of h we drop the last part also, and use the loop alone 

for /. 

So too, in jt), using the stem stroke for the letter and drop- 

ing its apendage, thus: / . 

The only simplification we advise in q is to drop the always 
folloing w, as the caracter signifies to the eyes the same sound 
without u as it does with it, just as the uther letters of the al- 
fabet indicate the sound atacht to them without a vowel. All 
uther small letters ar retaind as hitherto used, not wishing to 
sacrifice legibility for brevity. The letters of the alfabet ar 
now thus: 

a ty & c d Sr v £ I a n r i, A/ 
f ii i< m a m> y & fv f a i 4 t 



PENOGBAFY. 5 

CAPITAL LETTP]RS 

make up the ornaments uf writing, and in their formation pre- 
vails much more liberty than in the short letters. Since most 
writing must be dun with rapidity and dispach, the writers 
strive to benefit themselvs by practicing the most simpl 
patterns; folloing this aim we hav endevord to simplify the 
mode of writing of sum capital letters also, and similarize them 
to their architypes, the printed letters. 



D 



Our capital B begins on the base with a hair line, to 
'wich the uther part is ad'd to make up the letter. 

Comences with a stem stroke, turns on the writing line 
concave upward in the shape of a half oval. 



T- 



The capital F begins with a hair line upward, turns in 
a left curv and terminates with a curvd line. This carac- 
ter can also be made in reverst order, thus avoiding the 
lifting of the pen by joining the conecting letters. 

is made similiar to its printed type, the loer oval part 
extends in the midl of the loer space. 



Our capital M and iV~is an elongated small m and n, as de- 
vised on the the small letters; the caracters ar thus: 



\(y m \f n. 



The destinction between them is that Wl* 
is concav curvd on the base, an yi is angu- 
lar on the bottom. 

For the same reason as stated abuv, we make no changes 
in the uther capitals. 



PENOGRAFY. 










U/Wtfs, 






M/MM/Q* 



fovAArUM^JfoJdsisyJfM rfL«f*Arttf'sr*^ 



PENOGBAFT. 7 

SIMPLICITY. 

(See Plate.) 
*Wat is it that we most redily feel and admire in the wurks 
of nature? The perfect simplicity of the means by 'wich the great 
results of providence and ar brot about. It is simplicity 
perhaps more than anything els, 'wich triumfs over vanity, 
luxury and splendor, and renews with its periodic conqests the 
moral helth and progressiv power of the wurld, Literaly a simpl 
thing is a thing one fold, nothing superfluus, presenting a pure 
line or closely and clearly that 'wich it contains. Simplicity 
sum one may say must be an easy matter; one fold, one line, 
no complication, no extravagences, anyone can easily manage 
that! Try it> you may not find it so easily, you may find that 
it taxes your utmost power. Strange as it may seem, it is 
easier to make two folds, two lines, than one with fair effect. 
Simplicity is the real test of both grace and power, it needs a 
far hier nativ qality to make simplicity look fair, than to make 
complexity look splendid, it is easier to produce a striking elect 
with ten folds than with one. 



8 PEJSTOGRAFY. 

PART II. 

SHORTHAND. 

As common writing not always answers every purpose 
'were it mite be essential useful; therefore sum writers hav at 
all times strivn to tipify speech with as few marks than 
even necessary to recall the symbolized idea to the mind of the 
reader. Such abieviations and methods ar termd Shorthand 
writing; and they ar in the most cases very complicated, and 
to master them reqires long study and practis. 

For those who 'wich to acqire the knolege of Shorthand 
writing not of the most rapid kind, but for the ordinary pur- 
pose of taking notes of lectures, making extracts, etc., may the 
folloing devise of abreviated writing be of service, by using the 
letters of our simplified method. 

In rapid writing not much regard shoud be paid to the 
common mode of speling and only those letters shoud be writn 
down 'wich ar absolutely necessary for decifering the wurd. 
An ocasional omision of a letter or a few wil not caus great 
difficulty in reading 'wen writing is dun acording to establisht 
rules, since the rest of the acumpanying wurds wil suficiently 
sho 'wat wurd or sense is intended to represent. To 'wat ex- 
tent this omission may be caried wil depend upon practis and 
also upon the object of writing. In order to render the writing 
shorter without creating much difficulty in rereading the follo- 
ino- rules wil be found convenient. 

1. All dubl letters may be simplified. 

2. Silent letters shoud as much as possibl be omited. 

3. The vowels a, w, y and compound vowels an au, ou, ow, 
may be dropt of not initial, and also io in the termination tion. 

4. For the write only e. 

5. For and write only n. 



PENOGRAFY. 9 

ILUSTRATION OF THE SYSTEM. 

The student shoud begin by copying passages 'wich ar 
e stdent shd begin b cping psges 'wich ar 

very familiar to him, at first using very few abreviations, and 
ver fmilir t him, at first using ver few abrevitns, n 

increasing their freqency by degrees, and as he becums expert 
incresing their freqenc b degres, n as he becms expert 

in the art, proceed to copying passages 'wich ar new to him. 
in e art, prcid t cping psges 'wich ar new t him. 

The most intricate art may be lernd if the student is contend 
e mst intrict art m be lernd if e stdent is cntend 

to lern by degrees; 'wile the simplest wil becum difficult to 
t lern b degris 'wile e simplest wil becm dificlt t 

acqire if studied huriedly and iregularly. 
acqire stdied hriedl n ireglrl. 



PART III. 
SPELING. 



Letters ar the means by 'wich w T e convey audibl speech 
into visibl language, just as we put sounds together on our 
lips, so we put letters together on paper. Letters ar substan- 
tial^ adrest to the eys, as sound adresses itself to the the ears. 
Writn or printed wurds ar mere representativ of spoken wurds 
and hav no meaning except of the vocal sound 'wich they re- 
present. Wurds writn may be considerd two ways; either as 
types of sounds 'wich stand for ideas, or imediate types of 
ideas, without any reference to sound. 'Wen writn wurds ar 
only considered as types of sounds, in order to make them cor- 
respondent to their architypes — the spoken language, the 
two folloing rules shoud be strictly observd: 



10 PENOGRAFY. 

1. No caracter shoud be set down in any wurd 'wich is 
not pronounced. 

2. Every distinct simpl sound shoud hav a distinct car- 
acter to mark it, for 'wich it shoud uniformity stand. 

Every wurd is composed of one or more singl sounds; all 
the orthografy necessary, therefore, is to analize the wurd into 
its different sounds and write in their proper order, the different 
signs representing those sounds. Take the wurd though, 'wich 
we spel with six letters, (and make in writing twenty-seven 
motions of the pen); by analizing, we find that it has only two 
singl sounds, and reqires actualy two singl letters. It may be 
askt here, for 'wat purpose serv the ugh? 

In about 120,000 wurds of the English language we find 
about 65,000 silent letters; this renders on an average, a sur- 
plus letter to every uther wurd. The average writer employes 
about 2,000 wurds per day, and writes conseqently about 1,000 
silent letters, an agregate of 125 wurds for the sake of caracters 
of doutf ul value, by accepting the average of eit letters to a wurd. 
'Wen it is rememberd that the English language is spoken by 
more than 130 millions, and suposing that five millions of them 
daily use the pen in their varius ocupations, it wil redily be 
perceivd by multiplying the daily loss caused by the use uf so 
many useles letters, by the week, month and year, 'wat an 
enormus sacrifice must ensue from their use alone in one gen- 
eration. 



We furnish the folloing tablets in order to impart the rea- 
der with a proper view in regard to iregularities and silent 
letters uf the English language. The numbers indicate how 
many times the preceding combinations or silent letters in the 
wurd combinations of Webster's (unabriged) Dictionary ocur. 

Vowel combinations 'wich only in one or rare wurds ocur, 
as for instance, buoy, buy, etc., ar not taken up in our tables; 
as we consider them as mere curiastics. 



PENOQRAFT. 
TABLE II. 



11 



SHOING THE NUMBER OF VOWEL COMBINATIONS 

AND SILENT VOWELS CONTAINED IN 

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



VOWEL COMBINATIONS 

ai as in main 1,226 

ai " fair 189 

audible 967 

laundry 84 

law 491 

day 678 

meal 2,104 



au 
au 
aw 

ay 

ea 

ea 

ea 

ea 

ea 

eau 

eau 

ei 

ei 

ei 

eu 

ew 

ew 



AND SILENT VOWELS. 

ey as in alley 255 

ey " they 



le 
ie 
oa 



head 728 

pear 101 

heart 104 

great 40 

beauty 14 

beau 18 

eider 69 

either 149 

their 195 

euphony 557 

few 253 

screw 100 



field, 
die . . 
board 



oa " broad 
ou 



71 
348 

26 
642 

38 
297 

35 

94 



soup 

ou " bought .... 

ou " journal 

ou " enormous 3,461 

ou " court 216 

ow " brown 674 

ow " show 724 

e " give 12,807 

e " fence 1,659 

e " rained 1,784 

u " equal 1,533 

ue " catalogue 755 

ue " picturesque .. - 188 



Totals, 



9,067 



Totals, 



25,607 



12 



PEJSTOGEAFY 
TABLE I. 



SHOING THE NUMBER OF DOUBLE AND SILENT 

LETTERS CONTAIND IN THE ENGLISH 

LANGUAGE. 

DOUBLE AND SILENT LETTERS. 



bb 


as in abbreviate . . 


. 387 


b 


as in 


dou£>t 


124 


cc 


cc 


acclimate . . . 


. 453 


c 


or k 


as in loc& 


2,081 


ff 


C( 


effect 


. 941 


d 


as in handkerchief . 


7 


11 


(C 


Qg-cr 


. 419 


d 


cc 


edcre 


287 


cc 


c So 

shall 


. 4,035 


g 


cc 


rei^n 


223 


nm 


a 


comment . . . 


. 525 


gh 


cc 


cam/At 


1,870 


nn 


cc 


inn 


. 564 


h 


cc 


r/iyme 


254 


PP 


cc 


happy 


. 920 


h 


cc 


character . . . . 


823 


err 


cc 


err 


. 1,039 


k 


cc 


knee 


225 


S3 


cc 


possess 


. 5,660 


1 


cc 


wa/k 


359 


tt 


u 


battle 


. 1,331 


n 


cc 


condemn 


21 


zz 


cc 


puzzle 


. 127 


P 


cc 


receipt ...... 


215 


ee 


cc 


eel 


. 2,024 


s 


CI 


island 


24 


ee 


cc 


been 


31 


t 


cc 


whistle 


99 


oo 


cc 


food 


. 1,008 


t 


cc 


ca^ch 


457 


oo 


cc 


foot 


. 662 


w 


cc 


wrong 


379 


00 


cc 


blood 


19 


wh 


cc 


vvAere 


493 


oo 


cc 


door 


28 


P h 


cc 


2)/n\osophy . . . 


2,398 



Totals, 



20,173 



Totals, 



10,420 



PENOGRAFY. 13 

RULES FOR AMENDED SPELINGS. 

1. * e. — Drop silent e 'wen foneticaly useles, as in live, 
vineyard, believe, simple, single, article, practise, granite, de- 
fenite, inventive, derivable, inhabitable, contemptible, rained, 
eaten, doctrines, etc. 

2. * ea. — Drop a from ea having the sound of e as in feather, 
leather, jealous, head, dead, earn, learn, read fprt), pleasure, 
measure, etc. 

* Drop e from ea having the sound of a, as in heart, hear- 
ken, etc. 

3. * eau. — For beauty write beuty. 

4. * eo. — Drop o from eo having the sound of e as in jeo- 
pardy, leopard, feoffment, etc. 

5. i. — Provide i having the sound as in fine, with an 
accent circumflex thus: i, right, knight, light, wright, etc. * Drop 
i of parliament. 

6. o. — Provide o having the sound of o in order, with an 
accent circumflex thus: 6, thought, sought, bought, wrought, 
fought, etc. 

* o. — For o having the sound of u as in but, write u as in 
above, (abuv), dozen, some, (sum), tongue, (tung), and the like. 

* For women restore wimen. 

7. * ou. — Drop o from ou having the sound of u, as in 
journal, nourish, trouble, rough, (ruf), tough, (tuf), and the like, 

[Drop o from the terminating ous as in enormous, courtous. 
famous, various, precious, etc.] 

8. oio.— Drop w from o having the sound of o in old as in 
follow, show?, note, grow, knoio, etc. 

9. * u.— Drop silent u after g before a, and in nativ Eng- 
lish wurds, as guarantee, guard, guess, guest, guild, guilt, etc. 

[Drop u from qu as in equal, quality, quail, qwote, quad- 
rant, etc., a q without it, may just as efectualy represent the 
sound alone.] 



* Rules markt thus: (*) ar those of the English and American Filological So- 
ciety, and recomended by them to the public for imediate use. Unmarkt rules and 
inclosed in brakets [ ] are fnrnisht by the author. 



14 PENOGRAFY. 

10. * ue. — Drop final ue in apologue, catalog?^, damage, 
pedagogic, leagwc, colleague, harangue, tongwe, (tung), etc. 

11. * Dubl consonants may be simplified: final b, d, g, n, 
r, t,f, I, z, as in ebb, &dd, egg, inn, pair, butt, bonlif/, duR 
buzz, etc., (not in all, hall). 

[Final s as in fortress, actress, less, ness, etc.] 
Medial befor anuther consonant, as in battle, ripple, writ- 
ten, (writn), etc. 

Initial unaccented prefixes and uther unaccented sylabls 
as in abbreviate, accuse, af/air, etc., as curvetting, traveller, etc. 
[Do not dubl the final letter of wurds before a suffix that 
begins with a vowel, thus: 

OLD: REFORMED: 

bag, bag'gage, bag, bag'age, 

abet, abet'tor, abet, abet'or, 

dig, dig'ging, dig, dig'ing, 

demur, demur'rer, demur, demur'er, 

refer, refer 'rible. refer, referable, etc.] 

12. * b. — Drop b in bom 5, crum#, debt, dou^t, dum&, lam&, 
lim&, num#, plum#, subtle, succumb, thumJ. 

13. * ch. — Drop h from ch in character, cAoler, cAolera, 
melancholy, scAool, stomacA, etc., [but not if ch is folloed by 
e, i, y, as in chemy, chyle, chimera, etc.] 

14. ck. — Drop c from eh as in lack, track, stack, chuck, 
knock, pick, etc. 

15. * d. — Change d and ed final to t when so pronounced, 
as in crossed, (crost), looked, (lookt), etc., unles the e afects 
the preceding sound as chafed, chanced, etc. 

[Change ed to t after: But not when preceded by: 

f, stuffed, — stuft, b, stubbed, — stubd, 

k, looked, -lookt, g, tugged, — tugd, 

p, slipped, — slipt, I, pulled, — puld, 

s, pressed, — prest, in, summed,— sumd, 

sh, finished, — finisht, n, abandoned, — abandond, 

x, fixed, — fixt. r, barred, — bard, 

v, curved, — curvd, 
z, wizzed, — wizd.] 



PEJSTOGBAFY. 15 

16. clge.— Drop d from dge as in loc?ge, dodge, acknow- 
ledgement, (aknolegement), bridge, etc. 

17. dj, — Drop d from dj in unaccented sylabls as in ad- 
journ, (ajurn), adjust, etc. 

18. * g. — Drop g in fei^n, foreign, sovereign. 

19. * gh — Drop h in ag/zast, burgA, g/iost. 

Drop gh in hau^Aty, thou^A, (tho), throu^A, (thru), dau#A- 
ter, caught, e\ght, (eit), etc. 

[Drop gh as in light, might, right, light, sight, night, etc. 
(See rule 5.) 

[Drop ugh as in bought, caught, sought, thought, fought, etc.] 

* Change gh tof where it has the same sound, as in cough, 
enough, laughter, thought, etc. 

20. * I. — Drop I in could, [should, wou/d.] 

21. * p. — Drop p in receipt. 

22. * ph. — Write/ for ph, as in philosophy, joAilological, 
sjpAere, etc. 

23. rh. — Drop h from rh as in rhetoric, rAapsody, rheuma- 
tism, rAomb, etc. 

24. * s. — Drop in aisle, demesne, island. 

25. * tch. — Drop t as in cafch, pi£ch, witfch, etc. 

26. * w. — Drop w in iohole. 

27. wh. — Drop h from wh \ and indicate it by placing an 
apostrofe (') before the to, thus: 'wich, 'wen, 'were, 'wat, etc. 

Remarks on the preceding Rules. 

The advantages of the preceding rules of simplified speling 
may be sumd up in the folloing: droping about 30,000 silent- 
letters from the writn language and shortning thereby the time 
of writing considerably as wel as removing inumerabl scrip torial 
and oral mistakes. 

By writing i a dot must always be made over the caracter, 
now by ading to the dot a small upward stroke (the accent cir- 



t The proper and Anglo-Saxon representation of this sound is in reverst order 
of the present (hw), but it is difficult to conceiv that this way woud meet public 
favor, therefore it seemd beet to drop the h intirely, nnd to indicate this sound by 
an apostrofe placed before the w and saving thereby the writing of the h. 



16 PENOGRAFY. 

cumflex) a destinction is created in the writn language 
between the sounds of i in find and i as in fin, without the in- 
troduction of a new caracter to indicate them. By dropping 
10 from oio as in shoitf, foiled, know, etc.; an e may be ad'd 
to the o 'wen a consonant folloes in order to indicate the long 
vowel sound, thus: sho, shoen, kno, knoen, etc. The silent k 
and w as initials may be dropt in wurds, 'were no distinction is 
kept up between wurds of similar sound and different speling. 

"The fysiology of consonant sounds as Rush remarks*'' dus 
not only prove the dubling to be unecessary, but practically 
forbids it. All the consonants close their utterance either by 
a faint vocal or by an aspirate jet, a vocula or litl voice, more 
audibl as an aspirate severaly in the final k, p and t, in nick, 
sJdp, hale; and slitely in 'wat has been cald guttural murmur, 
at the close of all the vocal consonants with the vowels, making 
the consonant no severaly into them. Now vowels having no 
final consonants even with their vocule, unite into one sylabl, 
therefore two proximate vowels, and two proximate consonants, 
if pronounced, must respectivly make two sylabic eforts. And 
hence dubl consonants within a sylabl cannot together be ut- 
terd by singl vocal impuls. At the end and within a sylabl, 
they ar as abuv stated useles to the voice. They apear, how- 
ever, dubl at the conection of successiv sylabls, as in the wurd 
command. Ar they necessary here? Only in sum cases. 

i4 In the greater number the consonants at the end of the 
preceding sylabl coalesces with the vowel of the succeding 
sylabl, if the second consonant did not prevent it. In the hasty 
current of speech, and of declamation, the second m is not pro- 
nounced, and is therefore useles, the final consonant of the pre- 
ceding sylabl skiping the second consonant, and gliding into 
the next vowel a. If the utterance is slo, or the second sylabl, 
as in command is emfatic, then the a is to be strongly exploded, 
and this is to efected by making a momentary paus before the 
second m and bursting by its vocule into the emfatic a in'wich 
case the dubl consonant is used. Or this may be dun by the 
same process with the first m y rejecting the second. 



* Philosophy of the human voice p. xi. 



PENOGRAFY, 

— OR — 
— BEING — 

A SHORT, RAPID, AND PRACTICAL 
PENMANSHIP, 

SPECIALLY DESIGNED 

FOR LITERARY AND BUSINES PURPOSES. 

— CONNECTED — 
AVITH A S1MPL DEVICE OF SHORTHAND AND REFORMD SPELING. 

By JOHN M. KLUE. 

Simplex munditii*. 



CHICAGO, ILL. 
Publisht by the Author, 1415 Wabash Avenue, 



/ 



£ 



t. 



?3 • 






